Robert Macaire

Frédéric Lemaître (1800-1876) was an actor who specialised in melodramas. Although the played important parts in plays by Shakespeare, Alexandre Dumas and Victor Hugo, he was never admitted to the Comédie-Française. His greatest success was his interpretation of Robert Macaire in 1823: deciding against the wishes of the play’s authors, he adopted an entirely different tack, turning a sombre and mediocre melodrama into a vast farce and achieving instant success with the public! 

Robert Macaire and his stooge Bertrand became the icons of boastful rascals, cynical wheeler-dealers. They had a second life in the drawings of Honoré Daumier.

Honoré Daumier (1808-1879). ‘Bertrand, I just love industry…’ Lithograph coloured and smudged. 1836-1838. Paris (Maison de Balzac, inv. BAL95-2-1)
‘-Bertrand, I just love industry… If you want we can create a bank, a real bank mind you!…Capital of a hundred million millions, a hundred billion shared. We will bury the Bank de France, bury the bankers, bury the investors, bury everybody! Sure, but what about the police? 
Dont be stupid Bertrand, who ever arrested a millionaire?’ 
Image number : 56110-17

The lithograph represents Robert Macaire and his side-kick Bertrand in the costumes that guaranteed the success of the comedy : Bertrand in a long redingote with huge pockets, a broken down hat on his head, leans on his umbrella. Robert Macaire in a green coat, red pants, collar up to his chin, a scarf over his eyes, a squashed hat and dancing shoes, is holding a club.

Charles-Joseph Traviès de Villers, dit Traviès (1804-1859). Mayeux and Robert Macaire : N° 3 
What the hell! My dear Mayeux, we chose you for your physique; we are in a horrible fix and you have to get us out of it. French women don’t get a laugh; go across the channel and fortune is ours! Marquesses, duchesses, Ladies and all, no quarter! Who knows… That little Victoria, with her enthusiasm for marriage, if you can! Go on now, Mayeux, be a good rake and we may yet be able to propose a wedding toast!’ Lithograph, 1843. (Paris, Maison de Balzac, inv.BAL02-735)
Image number : 81449-10

Mayeux was a comic figure invented by Traviès. Coleric, coarse, lustful, Mayeux complains, carries on and gesticulates: a veritable catalogue of the faults attributed by journalists to the petty bourgeoisie under Louis-Philippe. In this series of prints, Traviès imagines him teamed up with Robert Macaire and Bertrand, in a comical situation based on the popular legend that women were irresistibly sexually attracted to ugly hunchbacks.

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